The two definitions most common in older literature appear to be the " 15 �C calorie " and the " thermochemical calorie ".
2.
Until 1948, the latter was defined as 4.1833 international joules; the current standard of was chosen to have the new thermochemical calorie represent the same quantity of energy as before.
3.
In his booklet " Die organische Bewegung im Zusammenhang mit dem Stoffwechsel " ( " The Organic Movement in Connection with the Metabolism ", 1845 ) he specified the numerical value of the mechanical equivalent of heat : at first as 365 kJ / kcal ( 426.6 kgf�m / kcal ) for the thermochemical calorie and 4.1868 kJ / kcal ( 426.9 kgf�m / kcal ) for the international steam table calorie.